A new paper in Nature Energy from Stanford, MIT and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, calls for five major advances in how we convert, store and transmit thermal energy. Approximately 90 percent of the world's energy use involved generation or manipulation of heat, including the cooling of buildings and food. The analysis calls for an urgent need for breakthroughs in thermal science & engineering which could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least one gigaton, which is about 3 percent of energy-related GHG emissions globally.